Objective:
To study the main electrical components and electrical analysis methods for DC and AC electrical systems.

Synopsis:

Circuit Variables and Elements
Review of circuit analysis, International System of Units (SI), voltage and current, power, energy, basic circuit elements (passive and active), voltage and current sources, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, circuit models, circuits with dependent sources.

Resistive Circuits
Resistors in series and parallel, voltage and current divider circuits, measuring voltage and current, the Wheatstone bridge, Delta-to-wye (D - Y) equivalent circuits.

Techniques of Circuit Analysis
Introduction to node-voltage method, node-voltage method with dependent sources and special cases, introduction to mesh current, mesh current method with dependent sources and special cases, source transformations, Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits, maximum power transfer, superposition.

Inductors and Capacitors
Inductor, voltage and current relationships, power and energy. Capacitor, voltage and current relationships, power and energy. Series and parallel combinations of inductance and capacitence.

Response of First-Order RL and RC Circuits
Natural response of RL anf RC circuits, step (forcing) response of RL and RC circuits, a general solution for natural and step responses, sequential switching, introduction to nutural and step responses of RLC circuits.

Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis
Sinusoidal source, sinusoidal response, concept of phasor and phasor diagram, passive circuit elements in frequency domain (V-I relations for R, L and C), impedance and reactance, Kirchhoff's laws in frequency domain, circuit analysis techniques in frequency domains.

Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations
Instantaneous power, average (active) and reactive power, the rms valve and power calculations, complex power and power triangle, impedance and maximum power transfer.

Power System Circuits
Single-phase and three-phase (Y and D) systems, balanced three-phase voltage sources, analysis of Y-Y and Y - D circuits, power calculations in balanced three-phase circuits, measuring average power in three-phase circuits.

References:

1. Nilsson and Riedel, "Electric Circuits", 5th ed, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1996.
2. Dorf and Svoboda, "Introduction To Electric Circuits", 3rd ed, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
3. Marizan Sulaiman, "Teknologi Elektrik Dan Peranti Sistem Kuasa", Utusan Publications & Distributors, Kuala Lumpur, 1999.
4. Syed Idris Syed Hassan, "Teknologi Elektrik: Analisis Litar", Utusan Publications & Distributors, Kuala Lumpur, 1999.

Objective:
To learn the basic skills in the programming language C++ and numerical methods in solving engineering problems.

Synopsis:

Introduction to C++ and Problem Solving
Computer organization, computer languages, basic software design. Introduction to C++ programming.

Declaring Types, Operators and Control Flow
Declaring variable types - character, integer, floating point numbers, constants, headers. Operator types (communicative, logical, assignment, arithmetical, decrement, increment). Branching, conditional branching using if…else, case, switch, repetitive loops using while, do…while, for.

Functions and Program Structure
Use of functions in flow control, arguments, parameters, call by reference, call by value, files and recursion.

Storage Classes
Auto, extern, static, register and internal block.

Arrays
Array indices, cells, character strings, multi-dimensional arrays.

File Input/Output
High-level input/output using files and format.

Pointers
Pointer variables, pointer levels and arrays, pointer reference function calls.

Structure and Unions
Structures and operations on structures, pointers to structures, structure in a structure, unions.

Numerical Methods
Roots of equations, matrices, simultaneous equations, interpolations, integration and numerical differentiation.

Practical and hands-on lessons
Computer laboratory

References:

1. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design", D.S. Malik, Course Technology, Thomson Learning (2002).
2. "Applications Programming in C++", Richard Johnsonbaugh, Martin Kalin, Prentice Hall (1999).
3. "Programming in C++ - Lessons and Applications", Timothy B. D'Orazio, McGraw Hill (2004)

Objective:
Students will be able to see the practical implementation of the circuit and electronic device theories that were taught to them previously. Practical means that the circuits that the students study are made up of actual electronic components. Students will also learn the practical skills required to design and troubleshoot actual electronic circuitries.

Synopsis:
This course comprises of 10 experiments that will be conducted by the students. The experiments are on multimeter application,the measurement of voltage, current and resistance in a dc circuit ,oscilloscope and function generator,capacitor, inductor and power measurement in ac circuits, superposition, Thevenin and Norton theorems, series resonance, parallel resonance, design of low voltage power supply, BJT and FET characteristics, design of combinational logic circuits

Objective:
To introduce the digital electronic systems, major devices and synchronous and asynchronous circuits.

Synopsis:

Introduction
Logical and digital electronics systems design.

Numbering Systems
Numbering systems, numbers represention, arithmetics operation and code systems.

Switching Algebra and Standard Boolean Functions
Logical Algebra, digital logic functions, symbols and logic algebra theorem.

Method of Minimizing Boolean Functions
Algebraic Boolean functions and K-map method.

Combination Circuits Design
Arithmetic logic circuits, control circuits, certain logical project and real world and timing phase.

Bistable Memeory Devices
Bistable memory circuits model of a combined circuits, basic sequential circuits, timing phase characteristics.

Synchronous Sequential Circuits
Moore model for synchronous-state machines, Mealy and combined state figure, state table , equivalent state, state assignment, acomplementary specific figure, ideal complimentary specific figure, analisis litar segerak, real world synchronous circuits complimentary design, synchronous counter and synchronous shift register.

Asynchronuos Sequential Circuits
Premitive flow Table, Implication chart, Combination Figure, Timing figure, cylics, running and free running. Implimentation of logic using SSI, MSI and Programmable devices.

References:

1. Tocci, R.J., "Digital Systems: Principles and Applications", 6th Ed, Prentice Hall, 1995.
2. Floyd, T.L., "Digital Fundamentals", 6th ed., Prantice Hall, 1994.
3. Adznan Jantan, "Rekabentuk Logik Sistem Berdigit", USM, 1989.

Objective:
The students will be able to understand the operation of the basic devices in electronics, such as the diode and the transistor

Synopsis:

Semiconductor Material and P-N Junction
Conduction in semiconductor (current carriers, mobility, drift velocity, mean free path, lifetime of charge carriers, conductivity, resistivity, charge density, current density, drift and diffusion currents ), Silicon and Germanium semiconductors, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Fermi-Dirac function and Fermi level, Hall Effect, p-n junction and current components in p-n junction, p-n junction biasing and current-voltage characteristic.

Diode and its Applications
Piecewise linear diode model, rectifying diodes, half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, rectifier-filter circuit, clipping and clamping diode circuits, special purpose diodes: zener diode, LED, tunnel diode, photo diode, laser diode, varactor diode, Schottky diode.

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
Transistor structure, transistor basic operation, transistor parameters and rating, transistor as an amplifier, transistor as a switch, transistor configurations (CB, CE, CC), BJT input and output characteristics.

BJT biasing
Load line, Q point/dc biasing point, base/fixed current biasing, collector feedback/collector-base biasing, voltage-divider biasing. BJT low frequency small signal models : hybrid- model and r-parameter model / T model.

Field Effect Transistor (FET) and Biasing
Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) : JFET basic operation, JFET characteristics and parameters, JFET biasing : fixed biasing, self biasing, midpoint biasing, voltage-divider biasing. MOSFET (DE MOSFET and E MOSFET) operations, MOSFET characteristics and parameters, MOSFET biasing : zero biasing, drain feedback biasing, voltage-divider biasing.

Analysis of Electronic Devices using PSPICE

References:

1. Floyd, T., "Electronic Devices, 6th. Edition, Prentice Hall, 1997
2. Boylestad, R.L., Nashelsky, L., "Electronic Devices And Circuit Theory", 7th Edition, Prentice-Hall, 1999.
3. Hambley, A.R., "A Top-down Approach To Computer Aided Circuit Design", Macmillan, 1994.

Objective:
This course is an introduction to basic mechanical machines and processes, electronic components, devices and instruments, electrical wiring, power supply circuit, design software package such as ORCAD and basic PCB. This course will not only introduce the students to the hardware side of electronics but will also expose them to computer tools that can assist them in the learning process by providing a visual representation of a circuit's behaviour and validating a calculated solution. This computational support is often invaluable in the electronic design process.

Objective:
To learn the techniques for analyzing electric circuits using the Laplace and Fourier Transform

Synopsis:

Mutual Inductance
A Review of Self-Inductance, the concept of mutual inductance, the polarity of mutually induced voltages (the dot convention), energy calculations, the linear and ideal transformer, equivalent circuits for magnetically coupled coils, ideal transformers equivalent circuits

Introduction to the Laplace Transform
Definition of the Laplace transform, the step function, the impulse function, functional transforms, inverse transform, poles and zeros of F(s), initial and final value theorem

The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis
Circuit elements in the S domain, circuit analysis in the S domain, the transfer function, the transfer function in partial fraction expansions, the transfer function and the convolution integral, the transfer function and the steady-state sinusoidal response, the impulse function in circuit analysis

Frequency Response for AC Circuits
Frequency response (magnitude plot and phase, pass-band, stop-band), cut-off frequency, typical filter, RL and RC low-pass filter, RL and RC high pass-filter, band-pass filter RLC (resonance frequency, bandwidth, Q factor), stop-band filter RLC (resonance frequency, bandwidth, Q factor), frequency response using Bode diagram (complex poles and zeros)

Fourier Series
Overview of Fourier Series, the Fourier Coefficients, the effect of symmetry on the Fourier Coefficients, an alternative trigonometric form of the Fourier series, Fourier series analysis for first order circuits (RL and RC), average power calculations with periodic functions, the rms value of a periodic function, the exponential form of the Fourier series, amplitude and phase spectra

The Fourier Transform
Derivation of the Fourier Transform, the convergence of the Fourier integral, relationship between Laplace and Fourier transform, Fourier transform in the limit, properties of Fourier transform, circuits analysis using Fourier transform, Parseval theorem and energy calculation involving spectrum magnitude

Two-Port Circuits
The terminal equations, the two-port parameters (Z, Y, A, B, H, G), relationship amongst two-port parameters, analysis of the two-port circuits with load (such as Zin, I2, VTh, ZTh, I2/I1, V2/V1 and V2/Vg), relationship among two-port circuits (cascade, series, parallel, series-parallel, parallel-series)

References:

1. Nilsson and Riedel, "Electric Circuits", 5th ed, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1996.
2. Dorf and Svoboda, "Introduction To Electric Circuits", John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996.
3. De Carlo and Lin, "Linear Circuit Analysis: Time domain, Phasor, and Laplace Transform Approaches", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1995.

Objective:
Study on microprocessor system architecture and interfacing device.

Synopsis :

Introduction
Fundamental microprocessor system, types of microprocessor, I/O subsystem, memory subsystem, programming.

Internal Microprocessor Architecture
CPU structure, data bus, address and control, register, I/O, interrupt, stack, special functions, I/O and memory addressing, instruction set and address mode, timing, instruction implementation.

Microprocessor Programming
Assembly language, assembly process, programming format, instruction sets, data transfer, arithmetic, branching, bit manipulation. Arithmetic operation, fixed point(sign and unsigned), floating point, BCD.

I/O Operation
Controlled programming I/O, interrupt, priority interrupt, Digital data input and monitoring. Data input using switch, keypad.

Input and Output Data Analog
Analog to digital signal conversion and vice versa, sampling theory, sample and hold, signal adaption, analog to digital converter, digital to analog converter.

Fundamental of Microprocessor System.
Memory and I/O address decoding, I/O interfacing, memory interfacing: RAM and ROM, basic software system, Designing the basic system.

Laboratory
Microprocessor laboratory covers all the above topics.

References:

1. Gilmore C.M, "Microprocessors: Principles and Applications", McGraw-Hill, 1996.
2. Short K.L., "Embedded Microprocessor Systems Design", Prentice-Hall, 1998

Objective:
To provide a common background for subsequent courses in control, communication, electronic circuits, filter design, and digital signal processing

Synopsis:

Introduction to Signals and Systems
Classification of signals and systems, some useful signal models and signal operations, even and odd functions, system model : input-output description.

Time-Domain Analysis of Continous-Time Systems
The unit impulse response, zero-input response and zero-state response, classical solution of differential equations. Signal representation by trigonometric and exponential Fourier series and frequency spectrum.

Continuous-Time Signal Analysis
The Fourier transform. Some properties and application to communication, Discusses the discrete counterpart. Study some useful signal models and signal operations. Examples of discrete-time systems, time-domain analysis and classical solution of linear difference equations.

Fourier Analysis
Discrete-time signals, properties of DTFT. The sampling theorem, undersampling, oversampling, Nyquist rate, aliasing, etc.

Z-Transform
Discrete-time system analysis using the z-transform : some properties, z-transform solution of linear difference equations, system realization.

References:

1. Samir S. Soliman and Mandyam D. Srinath, "Continuons and Discrete Signals and Systems", 2nd ed., Prentice Hall International, Inc.,
2. Fred J. Taylor, "Principles of Signals and Systems", Mc-Graw Hill International Edition, 1994.
3. ZIE MER R.E., Tranter, W.H. and Fannin D.R., "Signals and Systems: Continuous & Discrete", 3rd ed., Mc. Millan, 1993.
4. Phillips C.L., & Parr, J.M., "Signals, Systems and Transforms", Prentice Hall, 1995.

Objective:
To learn digital systems, VHDL and PLD

Synopsis:

Introduction to Digital System Representations
Gates, Layout, FSM, HDL

Combinational System and VHDL
Combinational System Specification, Combinational Integrated Circuit: Characteristics and Capabilities, Representation and Analysis of Gate Networks, Combinational System Design: Two-Layers and Multi-Layers

Sequential Systems and VHDL
Sequential System Specifications, Sequential Networks

Combinational and Sequential Modules
Standard Combinational Modules, Combinational Arithmetic Modules and Networks, Standard Sequential Modules, Programmable Modules

Memory and Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)
Definition of Memory, PLD and RAM, RAM Configuration, PAL/PLA, FPGA/CPLD

Transfer Register and Databus
Databus and Its Operation, Transfer Register Operations, Micro-Operations, Types of Transfers: Multiplexes, Bus, ALU, Shifter, Pipeline Databus.

Sequencing and Control
Control Unit, ASM, Hardwired and Microprogramming Control, Simple Computer Architecture, Single Cycle and Multi-Cycles.

Computer Organisation
Order Set Architecture, CPU Design, I/O Communication, Memory System, Specification and Implementation of Microcomputers.

Project
Project uses FPGA devices such as Xilinx, Altera, which involves from schematic design to programming.

References:

1. Ercegovac, M.D., Lang, T., and Jaime, H., "Introduction To Digital System", John Wiley and Sons, 1999.
2. Mano, M.M., and Kime, C.R., "Logic And Computer Design Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, 1997.
3. Katz, R.H., "Contemporary Logic Design", Benjamin Cummings, 1994.
4. Bolton, M., "Digital System Design With Programmable Logic", Addison Wesley, 1991.

Objective:
To conduct experiments on digital circuits.

Synopsis:
Logic gate IC, NAND TTL gates, Combination Logics, Flip-Flop, Synchoronous counters and ripples, Shift Registers, Counter Systems, Schmitt triggers and their applications, Multivibrators and Timer 555, Comparators and Multiplexers, "Programmable Logic", Applications of PAL and PLD.

Objective:
In this course students learn the theory and analysis of the electromagnetic fields and transmission lines.

Synopsis:

Vector Analysis(Review)
Vector and scalar quantities, Gradients, Curls, Laplacian, Divergiences and Stoke's law.

Electrostatic Fields
Basic Laws: Coulomb, Gauss, Electric flux density, Electric field intensity, and Electric potential. Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary's conditions, Electrostatics field in dielectric materials, Capacitance. Energy in electrostatic fields.

Magnetostatic Fields
Biot-Savart's law,Ampere's law, magnetic flux density, magnetic field intensity and magnetic pontential, boundary's conditions.

Theoretical and Application of Transmission Lines
Equivalent circuits, generalized equations for currents and voltages, waves and transients characteristic in transmission lines, power in transmission lines, impedance matching techniques using Smith Chart.

References:

1. Marshall and Skitek, "Electromagnetic Concepts & Applications", Prentice Hall, 1990
2. John Kraus, "Electromagnetics with Applications", 5th ed., Mc Graw Hill, 1999.
3. Syed Idris Syed Hassan, "Teori Medan Elektromagnet", USM, 1995

Objective:
To learn analogue electronic amplifier circuits and devices

Synopsis:

Small-signal Transistor Amplifiers
Small-signal operation, ac equivalent circuit, common-emitter, common-collector and common-base configurations, approximate hybrid equivalent circuit, exact hybrid equivalent circuit.

FET Small-signal Amplifiers
Small-signal FET model, fixed-bias FET, self-bias FET, voltage-divider bias, common-source, common-drain and common-gate configurations.

Multi-stage Amplifiers
Cascade, cascode, Darlington pairs and transformer-coupled amplifiers.

Large-signal Amplifier
Operation and circuits of class A, class B, class C and class D amplifiers, push-pull amplifiers. Amplifier distortion, power transistor and heat-sink.

Frequency Response
Basic concepts, Miller's theorem, decibel, low-frequency response, high-frequency response, complete frequency response, frequency response of FET amplifier, frequency response measurement.

Thyristor and Special Devices
Shockley diode, SCR and its applications, SCS (Silicon-controlled switch), DIAC and TRIAC, UJT, photo-transistors, LASCR, optical coupler.

Circuit Simulation using PSPICE

References:

1. Floyd, T., "Electronic Devices", 6th. Edition, Prentice Hall, 1997.
2. Boylestad, R.L, and Nashelsky, L., "Electronic Devices And Circuit Theory", 7th. Edition, Prentice-Hall, 1999.

Objective:
To conduct experiments on analogue circuits.

Synopsis:
Diode and applications, BJT and biasing, FET and biasing, Mulistage Amplifier , Power Amplifier , Filters , frequency response and Mini Project.

Objective:
Placing the students in various electrical and elctronics industrial sectors in order to expose them in a real engineering working environments. Students will be trained in various aspects, such as to analyse , to design , management and economy related to engineering carrier as an engineer.

Objective:
This course elaborates on the use of microcontroller, software and interfacing with external devices.

Synopsis:

Structured System Design Procedure
To verify of requirements, systematic design and easy-test, system implementation, testing and debugging

Microcontrollers
Detailed architecture of typical 8, 16 and 32 bit microcontrollers, assembely language programming for the MSC-51 and MCS-96 family, I/O interfacing examples, design of embedded systems using microcontroller.

Embedded System Design
CPU requirements, microcontroller architecture and applications, embedded microprocessors concept, DSP and embedded PC.

High Reliability Design
EMI problems, ESD, grounding, noise, power supply, PCB design, compliance testing.

Microcontroller Interfacing to External Memory
Semiconductor memory, Memory Address Decoding, ROM interfacing, Data Memory Space.

Laboratories

1. A Square Wave generator using external ports
2. Running Light using timer operation
3. Monitoring Status through the I/O bits
4. Basic Data Entry Methods- Keypad, DIP switch.
5. Interrupt Programming
6. Event counter programming.

References:

1. Short, K.L, "Embedded Microprocessor Systems Design", Prentice-Hall, 1998
2. Embedded Applications, Vol.1 & 2, INTEL, 1996.

Objective:
To introduce the basic RF concepts, components and circuits such as lumped components, distributed components, power dividers, couplers, filters , amplifiers, mixers and oscillators.

Synopsis:

S-parameter
Circuit analysis using S-parameters

Microwave Devices and Passive Components
Transmission line: microstripline/stripline, terminators, attenuators, phase shifters, directional couplers, hybrid branch, power dividers, Faraday rotation, circulators, Isolators, SAW devices and resonators.

Filters
Design of filters using image parameter method, insertion loss method, filter transformation, microstripline filter, narrowband filter, lowpass filter, bandpass filter and bandstop filters.

Microwave Sources and Mixer
Klystron, Magnetron, Travelling wave tubes, Gunn diode, IMPATT diode, TRAPPATT diode, mixer.

Amplifier Design
Bipolar transistor, FET, biasing, stability, low noise amplifier.

Oscillator Design
One port negative resistance oscillator, Transistor oscillator, dielectric resonator oscillator, noise in oscillator.

References:

1. Microwave Engineering - Pozar 2nd ed. Wiley 1998
2. Randall W. Rhea, "HF Filter Design And Computer Simulation", Mc-Graw Hill Inc. 1995.
3. William C.Y. Lee, "Mobile Cellular Telecommunications: Analog And Digital Systems", 2nd ed., Mc-Graw Hill Inc. 1996.
4. Om P.Gandhi, "Microwave Engineering And Applications", Maxwell Macmillan Int. Edition, 1989.
5. Collin, R.E., "Foundations For Microwave Engineering", Mc-Graw Hill, 1992.
6. Max W.Medley Jr., "Microwave And RF Circuits: Analysis, Synthesis And Design", Artech House Inc. 1993.

Objective:
To learn communication systems, communication channels, modulation techniques, information theory and coding.

Synopsis:

Introduction to Information Transmission
Analogue and digital systems modeling including information sources, transmitter, communication receiver channels and information sink . Information Sources characteristic such as audio, video, computer data, static materials, etc. and communication channels characteristic including noises, interferences and distortions.

Communication Channels Concept
Telephone lines or free space. Bandwidths' distribution and limitation in telephone lines or free space. Communication system modeling compared to existing communication systems such as telegraphy, telephony, radio, TV, facsimile, videotext and computer.

Modulation Techniques
Purpose of modulation, Linear modulations such as AM, DSBSC, SSBSC, VSB. Phase modulations such as FM and PM. Advantages of FM compared to AM. Generation and demodulation of AM and FM.

Noises in Communications
Noises and their effect on communication systems. Type of Noises : shot noise, thermal noise and white noise. Noise temperature and noises in linear networks: noise figure and noise measurement in dB.

Introduction to Data Transmissions
Advantages of digital communication systems. Sampling theorem, aliasing. Pulse code modulation : m - and A- law. Multiplexing: TDM, FDM, PAM, PWM, PVM and cross-talk. Representation of various types of binary signals: unipolar, dipolar, AMI, RZ and NRZ; peak and average power, Spectrum details, Detection of baseband signals in Gaussian noise: bit error rate using ideal filters. Random pseudo-noise characteristic and applications.

Optimum Receiver
Optimum filter concepts. Matched filter and correlation detection. Filters for synchronous digital systems, intersymbol interference, Nyquist filter thoerems, applications of cosine type filter and phasor diagram. Introduction to decision-making theory.

Information Theory and Coding
History and background. Information, entropy and joint and conditional entropies. Channel capacity, discrete and continous channel, Shannon-Hartley theorem, bandwidth and S/N.

References:

1. Wayne Tomani, "Electronic communication Systems Fundamentals Through Advanced" 3rd ed.; Prentice Hall, 1998.
2. William Schweber, "Electronic Communication Systems - A Complete Course", Prentice Hall, 1999.
3. Leon W. Couch II, "Digital and Analog Communication Systems", 5th ed., Prentice Hall, 1997.
4. George Kennedy, "Electronic Communication Systems", 4th ed., Mc.Graw Hill, 1992.

Objective:
To prepare the students a basic understanding of device operation, model and analysis, and the design approach commonly used and to provide the students with necessary understanding for future microelectronics circuit design and analysis problems.

Synopsis:

Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)
Op-Amp operation, differential amplifier and common mode, op-amp parameters, basic op-amp circuits, practical op-amp, op-amp data sheet.

Op-Amp Circuits Applications and Frequency Response
Multiplier, summer, buffer, comparator, integrator, differentiator circuits, and frequency response and compensator.

Feedback Circuits
Feedback concept, types of feedback connection, practical feedback circuits, feedback amplifier.

Oscillator Circuits
Basic operations, Phase shift, Wien bridge, Crystal oscillator, Unijunction device.

Active Filters
Basic filter, Filter response characteristics, Low-pass filter, High-pass filter, Notch-pass filter, Band-pass filter, Measurement of filter response, Filter design: Butterworth, Chebychev and Elliptic.

Voltage Regulator
Voltage regulation, Serial regulator, Shunt regulator, Switch regulator, IC Voltage regulator, Regulator applications.

References:

1. Microelectronic Circuits, 4th.Edition, Sedra.A.S, Smith.K.C, Oxford University Press, 1998
2. Floyd, T., Electronic Devices, 6th. Edition, Prentice Hall, 1997.
3. Boylestad, R.L, and Nashelsky, L., "Electronic Devices And Circuit Theory", 7th. Edition, Prentice-Hall, 1999.

Objective:
To learn methodologies in analysis and design of VLSI Circuits

Synopsis:

Digital Circuit Techniques and Layout Design
MOS Transistor Equations, NMOS and CMOS Inverter Design, Voltage Transfer Curve (VTC), Transient Characteristic, Estimation of Rise Time and Fall Time, Noise Margin, Body Effect and Channel-Length Modulation, Operation of MOS Pass-Transistor, Leakage Current, Drift Velocity Saturation Effects, MOS Parasitic Effect, Parasitic Capacitance Estimation, RC Delay Effects for MOSFET Pull-Up and Pull-Down Chains, Pseudo-NMOS Inverter, MOSFET W/L Ratio Determination Techniques, CMOS Latch-Up Effect and Techniques to Avoid Latch-Up, Guard Rings, I-V Equations for Non-uniform FET Composite, FET Structures, Effects of Drain and Source Resistances, Layout Technique and Placement Design, Electromigration, Estimation of VDD Rail-to-Rail and VSS Rail-to-Rail, domino-CMOS Circuit Technique, NORA-CMOS Circuits, I/O Pad and Three-Phase Buffer Circuits, ESD Protection, Clock Distribution Techniques, Scaling Effects.

VLSI Logic Circuits
CMOS Circuit Techniques for Look-Ahead Carry, Bypass Carry Adder, Series and Systolic Multiplier Circuits, Two-Phase non-Overlapping Clock Generator, pseudo-NMOS and CMOS PLA Circuits, CMOS Pass Transistor Logics, Pre-charged Bus Circuits.

VLSI Architecture
Implementation of Signal Processing and Communication Algorithms, CMOS Circuit, Series Processing and Systolic Architecture Design, Critical Delay, System Phase, Floor Planning, Top-Down and Bottom Up Design Consideration, Block and Cell Placement Consideration.

VLSI Testing
Design and Testability, Self Test, Built-In Self Test, D-Algorithm, Test Vector Generation, BIBLO and pseudo-random Tests, Sensitivity Design.

Projects
Implementation of Signal Processing and Communication Algorithms, CMOS Circuit

References:

1. Rabaey, J. M., "Digital Integrated Circuit : A Design Perspective", Prentice Hall, 1996
2. Baker, R.J., Li, H., W., and Boyce, D.E., "CMOS Design, Layout and Simulation", IEEE Press, 1997.
3. Weste & Eshraghian, "Principles of CMOS VLSI Design", Addision & Wesley, 1992.

Objective:
To learn the methodologies of analyzing and designing analogue and digital integrated circuits.

Synopsis:

Intoduction
Microelectronics history, Design representativ, Abstraction levels of digital system desig: System, Function, Circuits, Layouts, Physical,Design level, CAD and IC design process, Logic technologies, ASIC and probrammable IC (FPGA) technologies

Principle of Layout Design
Bipolar design, MOS design, MOS devices modeling, NMOS circuits design, CMOS circuits design, Design training on ASIC

Memory Systems
ROM, addressing, SRAM, DRAM, cache memories.

VHDL
Digital system simulation, Basic concept of VHDL language, Characterization modeling, Structure modeling, Sequence processing, Type of Data, Sub-program, Package and Library, Basic Input/Output , Simulation and Synthesizing, Test bench in VHDL, VITAL application, CPU design and implementation of FPGA

References:

1. Buchanan, W., "Microelectronic Systems", John Wiley and Sons, 1997.
2. Pellerin, D., "Electronic Design Automation For Windows", Prentice Hall, 1995.
3. Yalamanchili, S., "VHDL Starter's Guide", Prentice Hall, 1998.
4. Perry, D., "VHDL", McGraw Hill, 1998.
5. Morant, M.J., "Integrated Circuit Design And Technology", Chapman and Hall, 1990.

Objective:
To learn the mathematical modelling of physical systems and controller design and analysis techniques.

Synopsis:

Introduction and revision on basic mathematics
An introduction to control systems, types and effects of feedback. Complex variables, difference and differential equations and Laplace transform.

Transfer Function, Block Diagrams and Signal-Flow Graphs
Impulse response, transfer functions, block diagram, signal-flow graph and gain formula.

Mathematical Modelling for Physical Systems
Electrical networks, mechanical systems, sensors and encoders, non-linear systems.

Linear System Stability
Bounded-input bounded-output, zero-input stability, Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion.

Tile Response Analysis
Time response, test signals, time-domain specifications, steady-state error, transient response of second-order systems, effects of zero-pole placements, higher-order system approximation.

Root Locus Techniques
Root locus characteristics, building root locus and root contour.

Time-domain Analysis
Peak amplitude and frequency, bandwidth, bode-plot polar and Nyquist plots, stability criteria, gain and phase margins.

Time-domain and Frequency-domain Controller Design
Phase-lead controller, phase-lag controller, lead-lag controller, zero-pole cancellation, lead and feedforward compensation.

PID controller Design and Analysis
Basic concept of PID controllers, PD controllers, PI controllers, PID controllers, Ziegler-Nichols tuning methods, PI-D and I-PD controllers, implementation and practical aspects.

References:

1. Kuo, B.C., "Automatic Control System", 7th ed., Prentice Hall, 1995.
2. Ogata, K., "Modern Control Engineering", 4rd ed., Prentice-Hall, 1999.
3. Franklin G.F., Powell J.D. and Emani-Naeni A., "Feedback Control Systems", 3rd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1994.
4. Che Mat Hadzer Mahmud, "Sistem Kawalan Automatik," USM, 1999.

Objective:
To conduct experiments on electrical and electronics circuits and system.

Synopsis:

Control
Speed control system, PID controller.

Microelectronics
VHDL, FPGA [Design and simulation].

Electronics
Filter design [passive/active] for Butterworth and Chebyshev, Aplication of Op-Amps circuits(5 - 6 circuits)

Communications
Amplitude modulation and detection [AM and FM], PLL.

Power Electronics
Buck and Boost-chopper, Controlled- Rectifier ( 1-f, 3-f)

Objective:
To study the analysis and design techniques for digital control systems.

Synopsis:

Introduction to Discrete-time Systems and Z-transform
Digital Control Systems, Control Problems, Discrete-time Systems, z-Transform Methods, Solution of Difference Equations, Simulation Diagram and Flow Graphs, Transfer Functions

Sampling and Reconstruction
Sampled-data Control Systems, Ideal Sampler, Data Reconstruction, characteristics of star transformation.

Open-loop System
Pulse Transfer Functions, Digital Filters, Modified z-Transform, System With Time Delay, asynchronous sampling, Discrete State Equation.

Closed-loop Systems
Basic concept, Transfer Function Derivation, Variable State Space Model.

Time-response
Time Response, Mapping of s-Plane to z-Plane, Steady-State Accuracy, Simulation.

Stability
Stability Concept, Bilinear Transformation, Routh-Hurwitz Criterion, Jury Stability Test, Root Locus, Nyquist Criterion, Bode Diagram, Frequency Response.

Digital Controller Design
Specifications, Compensation, Phase-Lag Controller, Phase-Lead Controller, Lag-Lead Controller, Integral and differential Controller, PID Controller

Application of MATLAB and SIMULINK

References:

1. Phillips C.L. and Nagle H.T., "Digital Control System Analysis and Design", 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, 1995.
2. Franklin G.F., Powell J.D. and Workman M.L., "Digital Control of Dynamic Systems", 3rd ed., Addision Wesley, 1997.
3. Marizan Sulaiman, "Sistem Kawalan Diskret", Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1995.

Objective:
To provide a fundamental course in understanding the basic robotic and automation set-up and approaches required in designing an automated industrial manufacturing line and also to expose the students to various components and supporting technology required, for example the mechanical system, sensory system and robot control.

Synopsis:

Introduction
Robot classification, Robot component, Automation, Economical consideration, Robot application

System Overview
Basic components, Robotic system, Function of robotic system, Robot specification

Mechanical Systems
Dynamic component, Modeling, Transformation and Kinematic Mechanical concept, Motion Transformation, Actual components, Mechanical system modeling, Kinematic analysis, End effector, Resolution, Repeatibility, Accuracy, Force, Lagrangian, Matrix transformation, and Jacobian.

Actuator Control
Position servo closed loop control, Friction and effect of gravity, Frequency domain, Robot arm control, Stepper motor, DC motor, Actuator, Pneumatic system and servo driver

Sensory Device
Non-Optical position sensor, Optical position sensor, Incremental encoder, Velocity sensor, Accelerometer, Proximity sensor, Tactile and Touch sensor, Force and Torque sensors.

Computer Vision
Vision components, Image representation, Hardware balance, Image encoding, Object recognition and Classification.

Computer Control System
Robot programming, Trajectory planning and Computer system.

Automation System
Automated System Design, Integration, Monitoring and Sensor Fusion

References:

1. Wolfram Stadler, "Analytical Robotics and Mechatronics", McGraw-Hill, 1995.
2. Fuller J.L., "Robotics : Introduction, Programming and Projects", 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, 1998.
3. Fu K.S. et.al., "Robotics : Control, Vision, Sensing and Intelligence", McGraw-Hill 1989.
4. Mair G., "Industrial Robotics", Prentice-Hall, 1988.

Objective:
The objectives of the course are to study the optical device characteristics, to understand the interaction between optical components and fiber optics, to teach the basic knowledge on optical connection for analog and digital system and to characterize the optical network performance and optical connection.

Synopsis:

Introduction
Overview of the historical background of the development of optical communication system

Fiber Optic Channels
Attenuation, Attenuation mechanisms such as absorption, light scattering, pulse spreading in a fiber optics and types of fiber optics (single mode, multimode etc.)

Light sources
Structure and the operation of light sources such as Light Emitting Diode (LED) and Laser Diode (LD), characteristics of light sources that affect the bit rate achievable for transmission

Optical Fiber Communication System
Introduction on how to evaluate the performance of an optical communication system and methods used to analyze and design an optical communication system

Laboratory Exercises

References:

1. Keiser, G., "Optical Fibre Communications", McGraw Hill, 3rd Edition, 2000.
2. Palais, JC., "Fiber Optic Communications", Prentice Hall, 4th Edition, 1998.
3. Agrawal, G. P., " Fiber-Optic Communication Systems", Wiley, 1998.
4. W. Johnstone, B. Culshaw et. al., "Photonic Laboratory Experiments for Modern technology based Courses", Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 88, no 1, pp. 41-54, January 2000.

Objective:
This course provide student the knowledge of computer system organization and architecture.

Synopsis:

Personal Computer Architecture:
Central Processing Unit (CPU), high performance microprocessor (32/64 bit superscalar)

High Speed Bus System:
Hierarchical Bus structures, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus specifications

Memory System:
Implementation of main memory using DRAM, concepts and the implementation of cache memory

Multimedia Implementation:
Graphics system design, sounds and video, CD-ROM interface

Network Facilities:
Ethernet Facilities, MODEM, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Firewire

Operating System:
Basic structure, scheduling, memory management, Disc Operating Sytem (DOS), Windows and UNIX

Parallel Architecture:
Multiple Processes, cache memory uniformity and MESI protocol, vector computation, parallel processing

References:

1. Stalling W., "Computer Organisation and Architecture", 5th Edition, Prentice-Hall, 1999.
2. Messmer H.P., "The Indispensable PC Hardware Book", Addison-Wesley, 1997.

Objective:
To expose the students the techniques of design, maintainance and testing of large scale software where emphasis will be based on object development.

Synopsis:

Introduction to Software Engineering
Scope of Software Engineering - the software crisis, principles of software engineering. Software Process - the software lifecycle, the waterfall model and variations, spiral model, risk driven approaches, evolutionary and prototyping approaches. Project Managements - project planning and estimation, risk analysis and management, cost model, version control, configuration managementTesting - testing process, strategies, and techniques. Maintenance - corrective maintenance, perfective maintenance, adaptive maintenance

Object-Oriented Concepts and Principles
The Concept of Objects. The Unified Modeling Language (UML). Object-oriented Analysis and Design - requirement and specification, analysis and design, implementation, integration

Mini Project
The application of the object-oriented principles

References:

1. Stephen R. Schach, "Classical and Object-Oriented Software Engineering", 5th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2002 (Text).
2. Ian Sommerville, "Software Engineering", 5th Edition, Addison Wesley, 1996
3. Roger S. Pressman, "Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach", 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 1997
4. J. Rumbaugh,, I. Jacobson, I. and G. Booch, "The UML User Guide", Addison Wesley, 1999.

Objective:
To learn the characteristic of waveguides and analyzing and designing of antennas Synopsis:

Electromagnetic wave
EM wave in homogenous and in homogenous media, in dielectrics, in conductors , free space and guided wave

Waveguide
Parallel plates, rectangular waveguides, circular waveguides, modes in waveguide:TE , TM, TEM, evanesces mode and dominant mode.

Analysis and design of antenna
Isotropic antenna, dipole antenna, Hertzian dipole, straight wire antenna, half-wave dipole, monopole antenna, traveling wave antenna, directional and power gains, input impedances, radiation resistances, efficiency, impedance matching, balance unit, array antenna, Uda-Yagi antenna, aperture antenna.

Propagation
Free space , ground wave, sky wave, rain attenuation, scintillation, vegetation , ionospheric propagation, tropospheric propagation

Laboratories
Rectangular Waveguide, Dipole antenna, Yagi antenna , Hon antenna, Ground wave propagation and EMC.

References:

1. Carl T. A. and John K, "Engineering Electromagnetic Fields And Waves", 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1988.
2. Jordan and Balmain, "Electromagnetic Waves And Radiating Systems", 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, 1980.
3. Ramo, Whinnery, and Van Duzer, "Fields And Waves In Communications", 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

Objective:
To learn modulation techniques, codings and communication data control. Synopsis:

Digital Modulation Techniques
ASK, FSK, PSK, signal spectra and bit error rate. Equivalent binary PSK and DSBSC ASK. Introduction to m-ary systems such as PSK-4 and 8-phase. Generation and detection of PSK and realization of CPSK and DPSK, M-ary QA, M-ary FSK, Spread -spectrum modulation technique.

Detection/Receiver
Signal detection in Gaussian Noise Matched filter receiver, correlation detection, coherent detection, incoherent detection.

Coding
Shannon-Hartly data compression theorem and the effects. Coding without noise , removing redundancy and construction of Huffman code. Shannon-Fana code. Error control coding, types of error and code, techniques of controlling error. Hamming code and Hamming distance, Cylic code, convolution code - method of coding and decoding.

Communication Data Control
Generation of radom bit, data encription and decription.

References:

1. Simon Haykin, "Digital Communication", John Wiley & Sons, 1988.
2. Bernand Sklar, "Digital Communication: Fundamentals & Applications", John Wiley & Sons, 1988.
3. Bruce Carlson A., "Communication Systems", 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1986.

Objective:
To provide the students to understand the concepts of protocols, network topologies, and examples application protocol such as e-mail, and open system protocols such as MAP. Synopsis:

Introduction
Computer communication revolution, network and data communication, computer communication architecture, communication standards, Opens System Interconnection (OSI) model and ISO reference model

Data Communication
Synchronous and Asynchronous data, error detection techniques, interface, multiplexing and data link control

Computer Networking
Protocol and layered architectures, Open System Interconnection(OSI) Model, Local Area Network (LAN) topologies and communication medium, Medium Access Control (MAC), Wide Area Network (WAN), Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and inter-network system: Internet Protocol (IP) and TCP/IP architecture.

Open System
TCP/IP and OSI protocol, transport and protocol operation. Example; MAP and X400.

Introduction to Electronic Mail, World Wide Web

References

1. Stallings W., "Data and Computer Communications", 5th ed., Prentice Hall, 1997.
2. Tanembaum A.S., "Computer Network", 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, 1996.
3. Stallings W., "Local and Metropolitan Area Networks", 5th ed., Prentice Hall, 1997.
4. Halsall F., "Data Communications, Computer Networks and Open Systems", 3ed., Addision Wesley, 1992.

Objective:
To learn the analysis and methods for the design of digital filters Synopsis:

Review of Signal and Discrete-Z Time System
Z- transform and its applications and analysis of the linear invariant time system. Discrete time frequency analysis and Fourier transform of discrete signals and their bahaviours. Frequency domain characteristics of inear time invaraiant system and its applications.

Discrete Fourier Transform
Frequency domain sampling, discrete Fourier transform as linear transform. Behaviours of discrete Fourier transform. Circularly symmetry. Methods for linear filtering using discrete Fourier transform. Signal analysis in frequency domain using discrete Fourier transform.

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Split and rule method. Radix-2 FFT algorithm, Radix-4 FFT algorithm, Quantization effect on the computation of discrete Fourier transform.

Structure of FIR system
Direct shape I and II, cascade, parallel shape and lattice structure, state space structure, representation of numbers, quantization of coefficient filters, round-off effects in digital filters.

Design of FIR filters
Causality and its applications, Symmetrical and non-symmetrical FIR filters, linear phase filters using windows, linear phase filters using frequencys ampling

Design of IIR filters
Design of IIR filters based on derivative approximation, invariant impulse and linear transform. General characteristics of analog filters and frequency transform.

References:

1. Proakis and Manolakis,"Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and Applications", Prentice Hall International Editions, New Jersey, 1996.
2. Oppenheim and Schafer, "Discrete-Time Signal Processing", Prentice Hall, 1990.
3. Ifeachor and Jervis, "Digital Signal Processing A Practical Approach", Addison Wesley, 1993.
4. Ahmad Fadzil Mohamed Hani, "Pemprosesan Isyarat Berdigit", USM, 1996.

Objective:
To learn methodologies of designing Analogue IC. Synopsis:

Bipolar Analog IC Design
Emitter-Coupled Pair, Active-Load Current Mirror, Voltage and Current Reference Design, Band-Gap Voltage Reference, Monolithic Operational Amplifier Design, CMMR, Input Offset Voltage and Current, Gain Feedback Unit, Noise in Monolithic Operational Amplifier, Two-Quadrant and Four-Quadrant Analog Multipliers, Bipolar Voltage-Current Converter.

MOS Analog IC Design
Circuit- MOS Bias Circuit , MOS Voltage Divider, MOS Current Mirror, Wilson Current Source, MOS Dynamic Current Mirror, CMOS Voltage Reference Circuit, Transconductance Amplifier. NMOS,CMOS, BiCMOS Operational Amplifier Design, MOS Level Shifter, MOS Output Stage, Frequency Response, Phase Margin, Slew Rate, Noise in MOS Amplifier, Noise Performance, CMMR, PSRR, MOS Four-Quadrant Multiplier.

MOS Sub-System Analog Design
MOS Sample and Hold Circuit, MOS Amplifier, Clock Feedthrough Effect. Principles of MOS Switched-Capacitor, A/D and D/A Converters. High Frequency Sense-Amplier Circuit for Memory System, VLSI MOS Analog Basics in Signal Processing and Communication.

Projek - CMOS Operational Amplifier Design

References:

1. John, A.D. and Martin, K., "Analog Integrated Circuit Design", John Wiley, 1997.
2. Gray, Hodges and Brodersen, "Analog MOS Integrated Circuits", IEEE Press, 1983.
3. Gray and Mayer, "Analysis & Design of Analog Integrated Circuits", John Wiley, 1984.

Objective:
To provide foundation knowledge that is required for testing modern mixed signal devices using ATE equipment. It is to expose the students to conceptual methods used in the test and measurement equipment, devices prototype characterization and specification. Synopsis:

Introduction to test and Measurement Techniques
The correct way to test, device under test and test engineering.

Devices Specification
Basic terminologies, test specification versus test condition, verying functional parameters

Test and Verying DC and AC Parameters
Open short test, DC parametric, AC parametric and Noise measurement and ripple noise.

Device Characterization and Prototyping
Test vector and characterization setup, defining characterization from test and measurement data, common characterization parameters, data logger and data crunching, characterization model and statistical analysis, schmoo plots, data justification and correlation, DSM modeling and finalize device specification.

References:

1. M. Burns and G.W. Roberts, An Introduction to mixed-signal IC Test and Measurement, Oxford University Press, 2001.
2. J.D. Plummer and M.D. Deal, Silicon VLSI Technology: Fundamentals, Practice and Modeling, Prentice-Hall, 2000.
3. D. Frye, R. Frenzel and C. Johnson, Microelectronics Design and Fabrication, PT International, 1995.

Objective:
To study the analysis and design techniques for control systems using state space approach, system identification and optimal control. Synopsis:

Review of Basic Control Systems
Laplace and Z transforms, transfer functions and system stability. Time and frequency response, root locus, Bode diagram and Nyquist plots.

State-space Variable and State-space Modelling of Dynamical Systems
State-space concept, state equation and state space representation. System modes, modal decomposition and transition matrices. Controllability and observability. Stability and stabilisability.

Control System Design using State-space Method
Pole placement and Ackermann's formula. Estimator design: prediction, current and reduced order. Controller design: separation principle, full state feedback, state control and integral control.

System Identification
Identification process, type of input signals, type of models, nonparametric identification, parametric identification, parameter estimation: Least Squares (LS), recursive LS, stochastic LS algorithm and maximum likelihood - numerical sequence, application examples.

Introduction to Optimal Control
Optimization principle, Pontryagin's minimum principle, steady state optimal control with LQR.

Introduction to Advance Control Techniques
Adaptive, fuzzy and neural network control systems.

Laboratory
Simulation of state equation representation, design of state feedback controller, design of state estimator, system identification LS, IV and RLS, design of optimal controller LQR.

Application of MATLAB and SIMULINK

References:

1. Franklin G.F., Powell J.D. and Emani-Naeni A., Feedback Control Systems, 3rd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1994.
2. Ogata, K., Modern Control Engineering, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall, 1997.
3. Vaccaro R.J., Digital Control: A state-space Approach, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
4. Ljung L, System Identification: theory for the User, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, 1998.
5. Astrom K.J. and Wittenmark B., Computer Controlled Systems Theory and Design, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, 1997.
6. Franklin G. F., Powell J. D. and Workman M. L., Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, 3rd ed., Addision Wesley, 1997.

Objective:
A small scale research project will be undertaken by every final year student. The aim of the project is to introduce them some problems related to engineering and accustomizing them with the techniques of investigation, solving the problems , writing a technical report and present the results in the form of thesis and seminar.

Objective:
To have sound knowledge of both electric and magnetic circuits. The course deals with theoretical as well as practical aspects of Transformers, DC Generators and Motors, 3-Phase Induction and Synchronous machines. Synopsis :

Fundamentals of Magnetic Circuits
Magnetic field in conducting coils; important magnetic parameters (Á,H, Â, f, B, m); effect of hysteresis; magnetic core loss; equivalent magnetic Circuits in series and parallel.

Transformers
Type, construction, characteristics, and operating principle; V I relations and power calculations; ideal transformer; modeling of transformer; equivalent circuit; determination of model parameters (open circuit and short circuit tests); loading of transformer; voltage regulation; efficiency; auto transformers; instrument transformers (CT and VT); three-phase transformers.

DC Generators
Operating principle; construction; commutator action; armature windings; e.m.f. Equation; self and separately excitation; shunt, series and compound generators; voltage regulation; losses and efficiency.

DC Motors
Operating principle; torque equation; characteristics of shunt, series and compound motors; Starting, speed control, and industrial applications of DC motors.

Three Phase Machines
An introduction to three-phase synchronous and induction machines; construction and principle of operation.

References:

1. A.E. Fitzgerald, C. Kingsley, and S.D. Umans, Electric Machinery, Mc Graw-Hills, 2003
2. Peter F. Ryff, "Electric Machinery", 2nd ed, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1994.
3. Yamayee and Bala, Jr., "Electromechanical Energy Devices and Power Systems", John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994.
4. Syed Nasar, Schaum's Outlines of Theory and Problems of Electric Machines and Electromechanics, 2nd Edition,
5. Mc Graw-Hill, 1998.Mc Pherson and Laramont, "An Introduction To Electrical Machines and Transformers", 2nd ed, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1990.

Objective:
A practical approach to basic power system circuits, power electronics circuit and electrical machine applications.

Synopsis :
Laboratory experiments are on single phase and three phase rectifiers, 3 phase transformer, synchronous generator, transmission line voltage regulation, distribution system, characteristics and performance of the synchronous machine, DC machine, induction machine, machine drive using PWM technique and chopper circuit.

Reference:

1. Fisher, M., "Power Electronic", Thomson, 1991.
2. Mohan, Underland, and Robbins, "Power Electronics: Converter, Applications & Design", John Wiley, 1995
3. Rashid, M H., "Power Electronics: Circuit, Devices & Applications", Prentice Hall, 1995.

Objective:
To learn the power semiconductor devices and power electronics circuits for industry applications. Synopsis :

Introduction to Power Electronics Type of power electronic controls, efficiency of power electronics circuit, switching devices rating, switching semiconductor applications, analysis method.

Power Diode
PN diode, static model, diode recovery operation, Schottky diodes, dynamic performance, diode applications, power diode connections.

Thyristor
Turn on requirement, on state voltage, get current requirement basic turn off, thyristor voltage variation, thyristor operation, two transistor model of thyristor, TRIAC, GTO, LASCR

Power Transistor
BJT, on state model and cut off model, safe operating area, MOSFET modeling and capacitances, MOSFET switching losses, MOSFET turn on and turn off, MOSFET switching losses, MOSFET sources inductance, IGBT, FCT, MOS-Controlled.

Design Considerations
Semiconductor junction temperature, single pulse operation, periodic pulses operation, over current protection, over voltage protection, external transients, thermal protection.

Power Electronics Circuits
Uncontrolled rectifier, controlled rectifier, single and three phase ac to ac control, dc to dc converter (Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost).

Applications of Power Electronics Circuits
House - equipments, Industries and Electrical generations.

References:

1. Fisher, M., "Power Electronic", Thomson, 1991.
2. Mohan, Underland, and Robbins, "Power Electronics: Converter, Applications & Design", John Wiley, 1995
3. Rashid, M H., "Power Electronics: Circuit, Devices & Applications", Prentice Hall, 1995.

Objective:
To learn electrical power systems network, power systems representative and analysis methods.

Synopsis :

Introduction
Electrical power network structures, electrical power network's elements and components.

Power Generation Principles
Heat, hydro, nuclear, wind and solar. Type of electrical generation fuels.

Transmission Lines Analysis
Line's constant R,L,C,G. Real and complex power flow. Balanced and unbalanced loads, systems representative, single line diagramme, system per unit. Relation between current and voltage in short, medium and long transmission lines, ABCD parameters, wave propagation, overvoltage transient and reflection.

Applications of Transformer and Capacitor in Distribution Systems
Distribution system structures and elements, type of distribution system transformers, single phase transformer and load connection of three phases load. Type of power capacitor bank, Power factor correction capacitor, capacitor in voltage regulation, effects of capacitor bank.

Power Systems Protection
The important of systems protection. Protection devices for generation, transformer and lines. Protection zone and protection device adjustment. Earthing in protection systems.

Laboratory
At least three experiments will be conducted encompassing generation, transmission and distribution such as capacitor bank, three phase transformer and power systems synchronization.

References:

1. Marizan Sulaiman, "Analisis Rangkaian Sistem Kuasa Elektrik Moden", Utusan Publications & Distributors, Kuala Lumpur, 1999.
2. Sarma and Glover, "Power System Analysis And Design", 2nd ed.,. PWS, 1994
3. Grainer and Stevenson Jr., "Power System Analysis", McGraw Hill, 1994
4. Gonen, "Electric Power Distribution System Engineering", McGraw Hill, 1986
5. Weedy, "Electrik Power Systems", 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1989

Objective:
To study the analysis and design of electric power distribution synopsis system network.

Synopsis :

Fundamental Consideration
Classifications of utility loads, brief review on distribution transformer and power factor correction using capacitans, utility factor, general distribution system and various voltage levels.

Design of Subtransmission Line and Distribution on Substation
Subtransmission line, substation rating, service area, voltage drop and voltage regulation, K factor and substation grounding.

Design of Main Distribution System
Discussion on various types of feeders (radial, loop, network), voltage levels, system growth scheme, radial feeders with uniformly distributed loads and non-uniformly distributed loads (increasing linearly) and examples of radial main distribution system design.

Secondary Distribution System Design
Discussion on secondary feeders, voltage levels, secondary networks, economic considerations of secondary system design and imbalanced loads and voltages.

Voltage Drop and Power Loss Calculation
Balanced three-phase and non three-phase main system, four-wire three-phase multigrounded system and feeders cost analysis.

Voltage Regulation of Distribution Systems
Service quality and voltage standard, the need for regulation commission, voltage control, voltage regulator and tap-changers, applications of regulator and capacitors and voltage profiles.

Distribution System Protection
Discussion on protection concepts, typs and characteristics of protection devices, protection devices coordination, lightning and substation protection and fault currents calculations.

Laboratory
Application of simulation and software packages in regulation study (profiles) for distribution systems, experiments on balanced and imbalanced loads for 3-wire and 4-wire three phase systems and coordination of system protection.

References

1. Gonen, T., "Electric Power Distribution System Engineering", McGraw Hill, New York, 1986.
2. Faulkerberry, L.M., and Coffer, W., "Electrical Power Distribution And Transmission", Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1996.
3. Burke, J.J., "Power Distribution Engineering Fundamentals And Applications", Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1994.

Objective:
This course is offered to provide a sound knowledge of a dc machine, induction machine and synchronous machine and also of small special type motors. This course together with the laboratory experiments on drives provides a student with necessary information on the use of solid-state converters, choppers and inverters. The course delivery consists of 3 hours lecture per week and laboratory work.

Synopsis :

General Principles
Electromagnetic theory, sign conventions in rotating machines, three-phase circuits, 4-coil / 2-axis machine, force and torque components.

DC Machines
EMF, voltage and torque equations, losses and efficiency, ideal characteristics for separately excited, series, shunt machines.

AC Machines
Introduction to voltage and torque equations, armature reaction, excitation and voltage regulation, synchronous machines (phasor diagram, characteristics, equivalent circuit, saliency, synchronous reluctance motors), induction machines (equivalent circuit, characteristics, speed control), linear motors.

DC Drive Systems
Control using DC choppers and phase angle controlled rectifiers, dynamic equations, computer simulation.

AC Drive Systems
Three-phase bridge inverter, variable speed inverter-fed induction and synchronous motor drives, computer simulation, concept of vector control.

Small Motor Drive Systems
Hybrid-stepping motors (characteristics and control), trapezoidal and sine wave brushless DC drives, switched reluctance drives, AC commutator motors (small).

Laboratory
Experiments on AC and DC drive systems with power electronic controllers.

References:

1. Sen, P.C., "Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics", 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
2. Nasar, S.A., "Electric Machines and Power Systems: Volume I", McGraw Hill, 1995.
3. Chapman, S.J., "Electric Machinery Fundamentals ", McGraw Hill Int. Ed., 1999.

Objective:
To learn in details most of the power electronics circuit and its application in industries.

Synopsis:

Controlled Rectifiers
Single phase half wave and full wave diode rectifier, single phase and full wave controlled rectifier, power factor, harmonic for inductive and resistive load, dc load, multiphase rectifiers.

AC Voltage Controller
Duty cycle control, single phase control resistive load and inductive load, multiphase ac controller with resistive and inductive load, transformer tap changers, cycloconverter, design of ac voltage controller circuit.

Inverter
Single phase inverter operation, single phase half bridge and full bridge inverter, voltage control of single phase inverter, multiphase inverter, inverter switching circuits.

DC to DC Converter
Control dc converter, step down operation, step up chopper, Buck-Boost chopper, Cuk chopper, chopper circuit design, chopper comparisons.

Resonant Converter
Types of resonant converter, basic concept of resonant circuits, resonant load, zero voltage switching (ZVS), zero current switching (ZCS).

Power Supplies
DC power supply-switched mode dc, resonant and bidirectional . AC power supplies- switched mode ac, resonant and bidirectional .

Simulation
Use PSPICE and PESIM package to design rectifier, inverter and chopper circuits.

References:

1. Rashid, M.H., "Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices & Applications", Prentice Hall, 3rd Edition 2004.
2. Mohan, N., "Power electronics: Converters, Applications & Design", John Wiley, 1995.
3. Lander, C.W., "Power Electronics", 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1993.

Objective:
To learn numeric methods and analysis and design of power system using computer.

Synopsis:

Networks Calculation
Node equations, matrix partition, node elimination , bus admittances and impedances matrices.

Power System Failure Analysis
Symetrical components, three phase fault analysis, fault and admittances matrix, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults (SLG, DLG, LTL) and unbalanced fault.

Study of Load Flow
Model of power network, concept of power systems steady-state operation concept of load flow, Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson algorithm, analysis of load flow using computer, interptetation and use of load flow results in power network design.

Power Systems Stability
Stability problems, type of stability, system dynamic and swing equation , equal area criteria, step by step method, multisystem stability studies, computer programme for transient stability studies.

Power System Control and Operation
Control centers, SCADA, computer system and on-line control, security, voltage and frequency control.

Laboratory
Simulation and computer project on matrices, fault analysis, load flow studies and stability.

References:

1. Grainer and Stevenson Jr, "Power System Analysis", Mcgraw Hill, 1994.
2. Sarma and Glover, "Power System Analysis And Design", 2nd ed., PWS, 1994.
3. Arrilaga and Arnold, "Computer Analysis Of Power System", John Wiley & Sons, 1990.

Objective:
This course will help students to understand the basics of the High Voltage Technology, Relays, Circuit Breakers, and other protective systems.

Sinopsis:

Introduction
System voltages; HV phenomena; basic principles and components of protection; operational and constructional features of relays.

High Voltage Technology
Influence of electric fields on power system equipment design; environmental effects of overhead HV lines; voltage distribution and breakdown voltage of insulators; pollution and aging effect on insulators; protection measures against lightning over voltages; insulation co-ordination; earthing principles.

Relays
Characteristics and applications; static relays (classification and basic components); comparators; static relays in protective schemes.

Feeder Protection
Apparatus of protection; auto-reclosing (single and 3-phase); testing and maintenance of switchgear.

Circuit Breakers
Theory of circuit interruption; circuit constants relating to circuit breakers; theory and practice of conventional circuit breakers; advances in circuit breakers; testing of circuit breakers.

Laboratory
Experiments on relays and protection systems.

References:

1. Ravindranath B., & Chander, M., Power System Protection and Switchgear, New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi,2000
2. Weedy, B.M., "Electric Power Systems", 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
3. Gallagher and Pearmain, "High Voltage: Measurement, Testing and Design", John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1983.
4. Naidu and Kamaraju, "High Voltage Engineering", 2nd ed., Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1995
5. Davies, T., Protection of Industrial Power Systems, Pergamon Press, 1984

Objective:
To learn the economic and management aspects of electrical energy system projects.

Synopsis:

Energy Supply Economic
Introduction economic engineering, economic aspect of power systems, brak-even point of the power plant, value decrease analysis of the equipment and component power system, profit index, demand and supply ratio.

Loads Forecast and Energy Cost
Loads characteristic, load growth forecast, supply and demand, structure and rate level, electric energy measurement, saving energy by supplier and consumer.

Power System Economic Operation
Principles of economic distribution, Scheduling of power generator units, losses in distribution and transmission lines, power system component, load sharing by power station

Power System Management
Power system management and optimization power gerating units, power auditing analysis, increase the quality of the power station, hormonics and their effects on power system.

Reliability in Power System
Probablity concept and reliability model,analytic method in probability, finding the chance value using probability distribution, finding reliability of the power system.

Laboratory
Using computer software to study economic dispatch and power system operation.

References:

1. Hadi Saadat, "Power System Harmonic Analysis", Mc Graw-Hill , New York, 2002.
2. Tripathy, "Electric Energy Utilization And Conversion", McGraw Hill, 1991.
3. Wood and Wollenberg, "Power Generation, Operation And Control", 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
4. Grainer and Stevenson Jr., "Power System Analysis", McGraw Hill, 2001.

Objective:
This course is offered to provide basic ideas on engineering materials, thermal design and electromagnetic aspects of machine design considering magnetic circuit and types of windings. Case studies on a static machine i) a transformer and a rotating machine b) a permanent magnet brush less motor, provide insight to the student to take up projects on the design of electromagnetic machines independently.

Synopsis:

Introduction
Design consideration, design factors, design limitations, trends in design of electrical machines, modern electrical machine manufacturing techniques

Engineering Materials for Electrical Machine
Properties and characteristics:Electrical conducting materials , soft magnetic materials, hard magnetic materials, electrical insulation materials

Heating and Cooling of Electrical Machines
Heat dissipation: conduction, radiation and convection; Cooling: terminologies, method of cooling(natural cooled, forced cooling etc.); Temperature rise: time constant, steady state temperature rise; Rating of electrical machine: power ratings, types of duties and ratings, ambient temperature and rating, overload capacity of machines, rapid heating of conductor.

Magnetic Circuit
Basic principles of magnetic circuit, magnetization curve, leakage and coupling field, flux and inductance, B-H curve of permanent magnet, load line and working point

Winding Design
Types of winding configuration: concentrated, distributed, overlapping and non-overlapping windings, MMF and EMF of winding, winding factors: chording, distributing and skewing factors, torque constant and EMF constant, construction, packing factor, end windings

Case studies: Design examples
Transformer, Permanent magnet brush less motor

References:

1. A.K.Sawhney, "A course in Electrical Machine Design", Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi, India 1996.
2. Hamdi, E. S., "Design of small electrical machines", Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, New York , 1994.
3. Hanselman, D. C., "Brushless permanent-magnet motor design", McGraw-Hill , New York, 1994.
4. Kennedy, B. W., "Energy efficient transformers", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1997.
5. Gieras, J. F. and Mitchell Wing, "Permanent magnet motor technology : design and Applications", Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997.

Objective:
A small scale research project will be undertaken by every final year student. The aim of the project is to introduce them some problems related to engineering and accustoming them with the techniques of investigation, solving the problems , writing a technical report and present the results in the form of thesis and seminar.

Objective:
To provide the engineering students the ability to analyse problems in mechanics and material engineering in a simple and logical manner.

Synopsis:

Principles of Materials:
Introduction to metallic materials and their alloys, polymers, ceramic and composite structures. Phase diagram. Heat treatment. Plastic and linear behaviour of polimers, elastomer, semiconductor and magnetic material. Electrical behaviour of materials. Metalurgical Failure and non-destructive testing.

Mechanics of Materials:
Concept of Stress and Strain. Torsion. Pure Bending. Stresses and Deformations in Elastic Range. Plastic Deformation. Mohr's Circle for Plane Stress. Energy Method. Optical Technique in Stress and Strain Analysis. Introduction to Finite Element Analysis (FEA).

References:

1. Callister W.D., "Material Science and Engineering: An Introduction", 5th Ed., John Wiley, New York, 2000
2. Ferdinand P.B. & Russel E., "Mechanics of Materials", McGraw-Hill, 3rd Ed., 2002Automatic Control System, Kuo B. C., Prentice Hall, 1995.
3. Hertzberg, R., "Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials", 3rd Ed.,John Wiley, 1998
4. Merriam, J.L. & Kraise L.G., "Engineering Mechanics (Vol 1 and 2)", John Wiley, 1987
5. Smith, W.F., "Principles of Materials Science and Engineering", 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1990
6. Higdon, A., "Mechanics of Materials", 4th Ed., John Wiley, New York, 1985
7. Gere, J.M., "Mechanics of Materials", 5th Ed., Brooks/Cole, 2001
8. Case, J. & Chilver, A.H., "Kekuatan Bahan dan Struktur", Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, 1987

Objective:
This course is intended to acquaint students with the basic concepts and applications of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics.

Synopsis:
Basic concepts of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, Laws of Thermodynamics, Properties of pure substances; Energy transfer; Static fluids; Bernoulli and Energy Equation for steady flow; Pipe flow; Continuity Equation; Momentum equation.

References:

1. Moran, M. J.& Shapiro. H.N. , "Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics", 3rd.Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
2. Crowe,C. T., Elger, D.F., Robertson, J. A.,"Engineering Fluid Mechanics", 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
3. Nag, P.K,"Engineering Thermodynamics", Tata Mc Graw-Hill, 1989
4. Yunus A. Cengel & Michael A. Boles, "Thermodynamics; An Engineering Approach", 4th Edition; McGraw-Hill, 2004

Objective:
To introduce students to the theory and application of drives, actuator and PLC mechatronic systems.
To enable students to identify drive and actuator components in a mechatronic system, choosing the appropriate drives and actuators as well as identifying the type of controllers.

Synopsis:

Electromechanical drivers
Electromechanical energy exchange. DC and AC machines. Stepper motor and servo motor. Static and dynamic behavior of motors. Special motor. Torque-Speed and power characteristic. Position, Speed and Torque control. Motor speed and power control using semiconductor devices. Motor selections

Actuators
Linear and rotational movement devices. Features of Mechanical actuators: screw, ball bearing, belt drive. Pneumatic actuators, Actuator selection, Motor coupling and power transmission.

Electropneumatic and PLC
Pneumatic actuator, Air compression, Distribution and Servicing. Working components of pneumatic systems: symbols and standards, cylinders, valves, and other basic components. Basic pneumatic control circuits and applications. PLC systems- Introduction, Components of PLC: Central processing unit, programmer, input output module, memory. Basic programming: Construction of ladder diagram, Process scanning operation, PLC operation faults, fail-safe circuit. PLC input instructions, Outputs: Coils, Indicators, Contact and coil Input/Output programming examples. Basic PLC functions: timer, counter. Application of timers and counter.

Electropneumatic and PLC Design
Basic design of pneumatic circuits: Intuitive method, Cascade method, Karnaugh-Veitch method. Electropneumatic and PLC applications in industry.

References:

1. Meixner H., & Kobler R., "Introduction to Pneumatics", FESTO, 1989.
2. Warnock, I. G., Programmable Controllers: Operation and Application, Prentice Hall, London, 1988.
3. Du bey, G.K., "Fundamentals of Electrical Drives", 1995.

Objective:
To develop confidence in the application of measurement systems, to know their important characteristics and limitations, and to be able to select the best elements for the measurement task at hand.

Synopsis:

Mechatronics System and General Instrumentation
Elements of measurements systems, static and dynamic analysis, steady state measurement, system analogy.

Signal and Noise in Mechatronics Systems
Analysis of signal and system, signal representation and modeling, Thevenin and Norton noise equivalents, intrinsic and extrinsic noise, electromagnetic coupling, common mode voltage, noise suppression techniques,

Transducers and Sensors
Transducer classification, basic transducer for measuring electrical quantities, basic transducers for measuring non-electrical quantities, electrical and mechanical actuators, optical transducers, display technology.

Signal Condition Elements
Sampling theory, A/D and D/A converters, analog and digital signal processing, real time interfacing

Mechanical Design
Strength of mechanical elements, design of mechanical components, flexible elements and mechanical modeling.

References:

1. Auslander, D.M., Kempf, C.J., "Mechatronics: Mechanical System Interfacing", 1996.
2. Sanderson, M., "Electronic Devices: A Top Down Systems Approach", Prentice-Hall, 1988.
3. Bentley, J.P., "Principles Of Measurement System", 3rd Ed., John Wiley, 1992.

Objective:
To understand basic analog and digital electronics circuits. Its operation in theory and practice, and typical practical circuit problems. Students will learn how to compare between circuit theory and its practical implementation.

To learn material characteristics and mechanics from theory and testing. Students are expected to understand basic material engineering concepts such as material characteristics and structure. The purpose is to enhance the understanding of basic material mechanics through experiments.

Synopsis:
Three sets of experiments will be conducted

Experiments on Digital Electronics
IC Gate logic, Flip-flop, Synchronous and asynchronous counter, Shift register, Timer device, Schmitt trigger and its applications, Multistable and 555 Timer, Comparator and multiplexer, Programmable logic and examples of PAL and PLD usage .

Experiments on Analog Electronics
Diode and applications, BJT and FET. Multi-stage amplifier, Power amplifier, Frequency response and mini-project.

Experiments on Principle and Mechanics of Material
Identification of engineering materials and its characteristics, atomic arrangement, porosity and density of material, and fluid viscosity.

References:

1. Ercegovac, M.D., Lang, T., and Jaime, H., "Introduction To Digital System", John Wiley and Sons, 1999.
2. Mano, M.M., and Kime, C.R., "Logic And Computer Design Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, 1997.
3. Boylestad, R.L, and Nashelsky, L., "Electronic Devices And Circuit Theory", 7th. Edition, Prentice-Hall, 1999.
4. Ferdinand P.B. & Russel E., "Mechanics of Materials", McGraw-Hill, 3rd Ed., 2002
5. Merriam J.L., & Kraise L.G., "Engineering Mechanics (Vol 1 and 2)", John Wiley, 1987
6. Callister W.D., "Material Science and Engineering: An Introduction", 5th Ed., John Wiley, New York, 2000

Objective:
To integrate mechatronic design theories and to conduct practical experiment of mechatronic circuitries.

Synopsis:

Theory
Fundamental mechatronics design theories and experimental implementations.

Practical
Experiments of application of actuators and drives, computer simulation of mechatronic systems, and computer-aided mechatronics design.

References:

1. Bolton, W., "Mechatronics: Electronic Control Systems Mechanical Engineering", 1996.
2. Histand, M.B., Allciatore, D.G., 'Introduction to Mechatronics and Measurement System", 1999.
3. Fraser. C., Milne, J., 'Integrated Electrical & Electronic Engineering For Mechanical Engineer", 1994.

Objective:
To study the utilisation of machine vision technique in an industrial robots.

Synopsis:

Industrial Robot
Introduction, Types of Robot, Robotic Control System, Sensor and Actuator, Kinematics Analysis, Homogenous Transformation, Inverse Kinematics, Robot Work Cell Environment, Robot Economy, Industrial Applications.

Machine Vision
Introduction, Machine Vision Definition, Machine Vision or Human Vision, Usage and Requirements.

Image Sensor
Image Illumination, Focusing Mechanism, Sensor Element, Image types, Image for machine vision, Camera, Lenses, illuminations sequence, processing and storage hardware, Image processing software, digital image representation. Image processing algorithm, transformation method, Histogram, Filtering, Segmentation, Substraction, Averaging, Exapnsion and Edge Detection.

Analysis and Decision Making
Introduction to Statistical and Intelligent Methods, Examples of Machine Vision Application in the Industry.

References:

1. Francis Nagy & Sieglar, "Engineering Foundations of Robotics", Prentice Hall, 1987.
2. Fu, K.S. and Lee, C.S.G., "Robotics", McGraw Hill, 1990.
3. Berthold Horn, "Robot Vision, MIT Electrical Engineering And Computer Science, 1998.

Objective:
Students are familiarized with the important aspects of modern manufacturing operations such as the various manufacturing technologies, the various manufacturing processes, and the management of production systems.In view of the fact that the manufacturing industry represents one of the important sources of employment for university graduates, knowledge of manufacturing operations among the graduates is considered important.

Synopsis:
Processing Operations; Assembly Operations; Production Facilities; Manufacturing Support Facilities; Aggregate Planning and Master Production Schedule; Material and Capacity Requirements Planning; Managing Work-in-Progress; Measurement and Inspection Principles; Conventional Measuring Instruments and Gages; Group Technology;Surface Mount Technology, Microsystem Technology

References:

1. Alexander, J.M., Brewer, R.C., and Rowe, G.W., "Manufacturing Technology (Ellis Horwood Mechanical Engineering Series). Vol. 1. Engineering Materials", Wiley, 1987.
2. Benjamin W.N., Alan B.D. and Richard A..W., "Modern Manufacturing Process Engineering", Mc Graw Hill, 1989.
3. Serope Kalpakjiau, "Manufacturing Engineering Technology", Addison Wesley, 1992.

Objective:
To study measuring devices, data acquisition and interfacing.

Synopsis:

Advance Signal Analysis
Signal representation, Fourier transform, Weiner- Khintchine transform, Parseval teorem, probability density function, power spectrum density, signal recovery, phase modulation, autocorrelation and cross correlation techniques, encoding and decoding techniques.

Mechatronic Measurement Systems
Flow measurement, heat transfer effect, ultrasonic measurement techniques, pressure measurement, torque and force measurement, strain measurement, vibration measurement, displacement, velocity and acceleration measurement. Chemical measurement systems: ph, resistivity, conductivity, principle of katharometer and anemometer measurement systems, fluid flow and viscosity measurement.

Data Acquisition System and Interfacing
Types of interfacing, serial interfacing, handshake, asynchronous technique,interfacing using RS232 and RS 448 systems. GPIB interfacing: GPIB bus structure, protocol, GPIB handshake, bus operation and implementation of the GPIB system. Data acquisition: important elements, types of wiring, single ended and differential inputs, implementation of data acquisition system and virtual instrumentation

References:

1. Doebelin, E.O., "Measurement System Application and Design", Mc Graw Hill, 1990.
2. Holman, J.P., "Experimental Methods for Engineers", Mc Graw Hill, 1989.
3. Usher, M.J., "Sensors and Transducers", MacMillan, 1985.

Objective:
This course acquaints the students with the principles and techniques for planning and designing experiments in a systematic and scientific manner.The advantages of such techniques as compared to the traditional means which are currently employed in the manufacturing industry will be emphasized.

Synopsis:
Introduction to basic principles and strategies of experimentation; Simple Comparative Experiments; Randomized Design; Paired Comparison Design;Experiments for Comparing Several Treatments; Random Effects Model; Fixed Effects Model; Completely Randomized Design; Randomized Complete Block Design,Multi-factor Experiments; Two-Factor Factorial Designs; General Factorial Designs; Two-Level Factorial Designs

Refrences:

1. Box George et. al., "Statistics for Experimenters", Prentice Hall, 1989.
2. Douglas Montogomy, "Design & Analysis of Experiments", Prentice Hall, 1988.
3. Roy, R., "A Primer On The Taguchi Method", Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1990.

Objective:
To learn intelligent systems approaches using software packages.

Synopsis:

Intelligent Systems Concept
Concepts of artificial intelligent systems including expert systems, neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms

Technical Problem-Solving
Problem-solving using intelligent engines and knowledge base for expert performance, problem taxonomy, approaches to automatically acquire knowledge from human experience, approaches to automatically explain problem-solving behaviours

Intelligent System Analysis
Using software packages for case studies including simulations and experiments of application of intelligent techniques to motor control systems, robotics, sensing, signal processing and analysis.

References:

1. Cox, E., "The Fuzzy Systems Handbook: A practitioners Guide To Building, Using And Maintaining Fuzzy Systems", AP Professional, 1994.
2. Harris, C.J., Moore, C.G. and Brown, M., "Intelligent Control: Aspects of Fuzzy Logic And Neural Nets, World Scientific Series in robotics and Automated Systems", Vol. 6, 1993.
3. Kosko, B., "Neural Networks And Fuzzy Systems: A Dynamical Systems Approach To Machine Intelligence", Prentice-Hall Int., 1992.

Objective:
To study the design aspects for a complete mechatronics system

Synopsis:

Process Design Aspects
Components selection, suitability, Man-machine interfacing, Ergonomic, Asthetic, Safety in a typical mechatronics product design.

Design Procedures
Selection, Design and integration of mechatronics system elements such as sensors, microcontroller, machine vision system, actuator, mechanism and structure in the design of a complete mechatronics system practicing the project design philosophy.

Mini Project
This course also involves group-based mini-projects to nurture group-work efforts.

References:

1. Moon, F.C., " Applied Dynamics : With Applications to Multibody and Mechatronic Systems", 1998.
2. Shetty, D., Kolk, R.A., "Mechatronic System Design", 1997.
3. Wayne Nelson, "Acclerated Testing", John Wiley, 1989.

Objective:
This course examines the key quality tools that are employed in the planning, manufacturing, and quality improvement processes of manufacturing companies. Among the tools covered are the 7 basic quality tools, the 7 new quality tools, failure-mode-effect analysis (FMEA), quality costs ,and process capability analysis.

Synopsis:
Definitions and Meanings of Quality; Basic Concepts of Quality; Quality System; Seven Basic QC Tools; Seven New QC Tools; Failure Mode and Effect Analysis; Statistical Process Control; Statistical Acceptance Sampling; Process Capability Analysis; Deming Cycle; Quality Costs; Case Studies

References:

1. Summers, D., "Quality", 3rd edition, Prentice-Hall, 2003
2. Wadsworth, H.M., Stephens, K.S., Godfrey, A.B., "Modern Methods for Quality Control and Improvement", John-Wiley & Sons, 2002
3. Goetsch, D.L. & Davis, S.B., "Quality Management; Introduction to Total Quality Management for Production, Processing, and Services", Prentice-Hall, 2003
4. Information on Quality: www.qualitydigest.com
5. Discussion Forum: www.insidequality.com

Objective:
This course is intended to convey to students aspects of reliability that encompasses the use of probability and statistics in engineering.

Synopsis:
Basic concepts of reliability engineering; Concepts of probability and basic statistics; Lifetime modeling; Model fitting; Model selection; Reliability of Systems; Statistical Experiments; Reliability in Design; Reliability in Manufacture; Reliability Tests.

References:

1. Ebeling, C.E., "An Introduction To Reliability And Maintainability Engineering", McGraw-Hill Int., Electrical Engineering Series, 1997.
2. Kales, P., "Reliability For Technology, Engineering, and Management", Prentice Hall, 1998.
3. Lewis, E.E., "Introduction To Reliability Engineering", John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

Objective:
To conduct experiments on application of various instrumental and control techniques.

Objective:
A small-scale research project will be undertaken by every final year student. To eligible for taking the project, students need to acquire at least 90 units from all basic/main/elective courses (not including units acquired from university requirement courses) and complete at least six semester of studying in university (not including the additional semester). The objective of this training is to introduce to students problems related to Mechatronics field and to accustom the students to the research and problem-solving methods, writing and effective presentation of research result in the form of a thesis.

Objective:
To learn the basic skills in the programming language C++ in solving engineering problems.

Synopsis:

Introduction to C++ and Problem Solving
Computer organization, computer languages, basic software design. Introduction to C++ programming.

Declaring Types, Operator and Control Flow.
Declaring variable types - character, integer, floating point numbers. Operator types (communicative, logical, assignment, arithmetical, decrement, increment). Branching, conditional branching using if…else, case, switch, repetitive loops using while, do…while, for.

Functions and Program Structure
Use of functions in flow control, arguments, parameters, call by reference, call by value, files and recursion.

Storage Classes
Auto, extern, static, register and internal block.

Arrays
Array indices, cells, character strings, multi-dimensional arrays.

File Input/Output
High-level input/output using files and format.

Pointers
Pointer variables, pointer levels and arrays, pointer reference function calls.

Structure and Unions
Structures and operations on structures, pointers to structures, structure in a structure, unions.

Practical and Hands-on Lessons
Computer laboratory

References:

1. "C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design", D.S. Malik, Course Technology, Thomson Learning (2002).
2. "Applications Programming in C++", Richard Johnsonbaugh, Martin Kalin, Prentice Hall (1999).
3. "Programming in C++ - Lessons and Applications", Timothy B. D'Orazio, McGraw Hill (2004)

Objective:
To study characteristics of various elements of electrical engineering and analyze the electrical circuits and magnetic devices

Synopsis:

Units, Definitions, Experimental Laws and Simple Circuits
System of units, charge, current, voltage and power types of circuits and elements. Ohms law, Kirchhoff's laws, analysis of a single-loop current, single node-pair circuit, resistance and source combination, voltage and current division.

Circuit Analysis Techniques
Nodal and mesh analyses, linearity and Superposition, source transformations, Thevenin's and Norton's theorems.

Inductance and Capacitance
The v-i relations for inductor and capacitor, inductor and capacitor combinations, duality, linearity and its consequences.

Source-free Transient Response of R-L and R-C Circuits
Simple R-L and R-C circuits,exponential response of source free R-L, R-C circuits.

Response to Unit Step Forcing Function
Response of R-L, and R-C ciruits to unit step forcing functions.

Response to Sinusoidal Forcing Function.
Charactiristics of sinusoidal forcing functions, response of R-L and R-C circuits to sinusoidal forcing functions.

Phasor Concept
The complex forcing function, the phasor, phasor relation ships for for R,L, and C, Impedance and admittance.

Average Power and RMS Values
Instantaneous power, average power, effective values of current and voltage, apparent power and power factor, complex power.

Power System Circuits
An overview of single and three phase systems, wye and delta configurations of three circuits, wye and delta transformations, and power calculations in three phase systems.

Magnetic Circuits and Devices
Concept and laws of magnetism and analysis of transformers. Introduction to electromechanical energy conversion, operation of machines as generators and motors, power loss, efficiency and operations at maximum efficiency.

References:

1. Nilsson and Riedel, "Electric Circuits" , 5th ed, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1996.
2. Dorf and Svoboda, "Introduction To Electric Circuits", 3rd ed, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
3. Marizan Sulaiman, "Teknologi Elektrik Dan Peranti Sistem Kuasa", Utusan Publications & Distributors, Kuala Lumpur, 1999.
4. Syed Idris Syed Hassan, "Teknologi Elektrik: Analisis Litar", Utusan Publications & Distributors, Kuala Lumpur, 1999.

Objective:
To introduce electronic devices, and digital electronic circuits and equipment.

Synopsis:

Basic Electronic Devices
Diode: characteristics and application, rectifier diodes, 'Avalanche' diode, 'Zener' diode, diode circuits analysis, semiconductor diodes.

Electronic Circuit
Operational amplifier: characteristics, types of operational amplifier and applications.

Rectifier
Half-wave rectifier, full-wave rectifier and bridge-rectifier for power supply.

Bipolar-Junction Transistor (BJT)
Structure and operation, NPN and PNP transistors, characteristics, transistor circuit analysis and BJT in digital circuits.

Digital Electronics
Concepts of logic operations, functions, logic gate synthesis, Boolean theorems, DeMorgan's theorems, flip-flops, counters and registers.

Electronic Instrumentation
Instrument: characteristics and elements, standards and calibration. Measurement: errors, types of errors in measurements, for example electronic instrumentation and electronic devices.

References:

1. Knight, S.A., "Electronics For Engineering", BH Newnes, 1996.
2. Diefender, A.J. and Holtan, B.E., "Principles Of Electronic Instrumentation", 3rd. ed., Saunders College, 1994.
3. Louis Nashelsky, "Introduction To Digital Technology", 4th. ed., Prentice Hall, 1994.
4. Floyd, T. L., "Electronics Fundamentals, Circuits, Devices & Applications", Prentice Hall, 1995.

Objective:
This course covers the concepts of ordinary differential equations, Laplace transforms, partial differential equations, fourier series and calculus vectors. This course will provide students with a variety of engineering examples and applications based on the above topics.

Synopsis:
Introduction to ordinary differential equations, Laplace transforms, partial differential equations, fourier series and calculus vectors. Some aplications in engineering field.

References:

1. Glyn James, "Modern Engineering Mathematics", 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1996
2. Glyn James, "Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics", 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1999
3. K.A. Stroud, "Further Engineering Mathematics", 3rd Edition, MacMillan, 1995

Objective:
This course covers the concepts of matrix algebra, numerical methods, complex numbers and applied probability and statistics. This course will provide students with a variety of engineering examples and applications based on the above topics.

Synopsis:
Introduction to matrix algebra, numerical methods, complex numbers and applied probability and statistics. Some aplications in engineering field.

References:

1. Glyn James, "Modern Engineering Mathematics", 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1996
2. Glyn James, "Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics", 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1999
3. K.A. Stroud, "Further Engineering Mathematics", 3rd Edition, MacMillan, 1995

Objective:
The aim of the course is to eqip knowledge and understanding in operational research concepts in engineering.

Synopsis:
Introduction to operational research concepts. To learn deterministic and stochastic process usually used in operational research for engineering.

References:

1. F.S. Hillier and Lieberman, G.J, "Introduction To Operation Research", 7th Ed. Mc Graw Hill, N.Y. 2001
2. J.P. Iguizio and Cavalier, T.M., "Linear Programming", Prentice-Hall, New Jersey,1994
3. H.A. Taha, "Operations Research : An Introduction", Prentice-Hall, New Jersey,1997

Objective:
The aim of the course is to equip the students with knowledge and understanding specifically on probability and statistics used in engineering.

Sinopsis:
To emphasize on theoretical concepts and probability distribution for radom two variables distribution. To introduce applied statistical methods apply in analyzing experiments' results. Examples of applications in engineering will be given in the course.

References:

1. Devore, J.L., "Probability and Statistics For Engineering And The Sciences", Duxbury Press. 2000
2. Mendenhall, W. And Sincich, T. , "Statistics For Engineering And The Sciences", 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall. 1995
3. Walpole, R.E, Myers, R.H. & Myers S.L. , "Probability and Statistics For Engineers and Scientist", 6th Edition, Prentice-Hall. 1998

Please refer to courses' syllabus offered by School of Material and Mineral Resources Engineering

Please refer to courses' syllabus offered by School of Mechanical Engineering

Please refer to courses' syllabus offered by School of Mechanical Engineering

Please refer to courses' syllabus offered by School of Mechanical Engineering

Please refer to courses' syllabus offered by School of Mechanical Engineering

Please refer to courses' syllabus offered by School of Civil Engineering

Concept and definition of thinking techniques and styles. Thinking tools and techniques used to solve problems in decisions making based on Engineering perspective.

Introduction to Civilization, Islamic Civilization and Malay Civilzation as a manifestation of Islamic Civilization in the world.

Malaysia Oborigin's Civilization, Chinese Civilization, Indian Civilization, Japanese Civilization and Comtemporary and Future Challenges in Islamic and Asian Civilizations.

Please refer to courses' syllabus offered by Unit Bahasa Kampus Kejuruteraan

This includes PALAPES, Sports & Martial arts etc.